Highly Sensitive Defect Detectors and Comparators Exploiting Port Imbalance in Rat-Race Couplers Loaded With Step-Impedance Open-Ended Transmission Lines
نویسندگان
چکیده
Defect detectors and comparators, able to detect tiny differences between a reference (REF) sample material under test (MUT), are presented in this paper. In one version, the comparator is implemented by means of rat-race hybrid coupler single step-impedance open-ended transmission line connected ports coupler. The exploits imbalance generated two pairs isolated when MUT differs from REF sample. other pair used for feeding ( $\Delta $ -port) recording output signal notation="LaTeX">$\Sigma -port), achieved harmonic tuned operating frequency resulting device therefore two-port structure, considered variable magnitude coefficient, an easily measurable quantity. By virtue line, as sensitive element comparator, exhibits very high sensitivity variations dielectric constant samples, being input variable. A prototype example, with maximum 0.72 reported, applied detection defects sample, slab, drilling holes different densities across it. second prototype, true differential-mode sensor, identical sensing elements (step impedance lines) coupler, roughly perfect balance obtained case 1.20, discriminates also small perturbations material. main relevant aspect reported prototypes, phase-variation devices nature, phase-to-magnitude conversion This transforms reflective-mode transmission-mode where
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: IEEE Sensors Journal
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1558-1748', '1530-437X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3118088